Ophidiophobia, or the fear of snakes, is one of the most common phobias in the world, and for good reason. Most shriek at the first sign of a snake in their yard, though most snake species in the US tend to be entirely harmless.
While Pennsylvania is home to over 22 species of snake, it’s important to note that most of these species tend to avoid encounters with humans. Actual encounters, especially with venomous snakes, are rare.
Of the 22 snake varieties, only three are venomous, and the rest are mostly harmless. Still, harmless doesn’t mean they won’t cause trouble, and a snake bite can start, with or without venom.
While our home protection plans are designed to protect against over a dozen common species of pests, including snakes, you’ll never know when you’ll encounter a snake in the woods or outside your property.
Understanding which snakes in Pennsylvania are poisonous and how to handle an encounter will keep you and your loved ones safe.
Poisonous Snakes in Pennsylvania
The three most venomous snakes in Pennsylvania are the Eastern Copperhead, Timber Rattlesnake, and the Eastern Massasauga.
These snakes are considered venomous, not poisonous, because when they bite, they inject venom that is intended to immobilize or kill their prey or to defend against predators.
- Eastern Copperhead: The Eastern Copperhead is perhaps the most common venomous snake in the state. It is identifiable by its copper-colored head and hourglass-shaped bands along its body. While its venom is relatively mild compared to other species, a bite can still cause significant pain, swelling, and tissue damage. Copperheads prefer habitats like rocky areas, forests, and near water sources.
- Timber Rattlesnake: Timber Rattlesnakes are large, heavy-bodied snakes known for their distinctive rattling sound, which they use as a warning to potential threats. Their venom is potent and can be dangerous if not treated promptly. These snakes are usually found in rugged terrains like forests and mountainous regions, often basking on rocks or ledges.
- Eastern Massasauga: The Eastern Massasauga is a smaller, more elusive species, often found in wetlands and grassy areas. This snake is listed as a threatened species in Pennsylvania due to habitat loss. Despite its smaller size, the Massasauga’s venom is quite toxic, making it one of the more dangerous snakes in the region.
While encounters with these snakes can be alarming, they generally avoid humans and only bite when provoked or threatened. Knowing how to identify these snakes and understanding their behavior can help reduce the risk of a dangerous encounter.
Non-venomous Snakes in Pennsylvania
Non-venomous snakes are more common in Pennsylvania and include the following:
- Rat Snakes
- Garter Snakes
- Water Snakes
- Eastern Hognose
- Ringneck Snakes
Not only are these snakes harmless, but they may also help keep problematic pests at bay, such as rodents.
Of course, if you encounter a snake in your basement, garage, or out on a hike, you may not know precisely what you are looking at.
How to Distinguish Between Venomous and Non-venomous Snakes
Clearly, the biggest difference between the venomous snake and the non-venomous snake is the fact that one can kill you with a bite and the other cannot. Pennsylvania venomous snakes have distinct characteristics that can make identifying them easier.
They have an indentation or pit on each side of their head, between the eye and nostril. Their eye pupil looks very much like a cat’s eye, with a vertical slit. They also have a single row of scales on the underside of their tail.
Keep in mind that if you can see any of these details, you may be way too close. The best course of action should you find a snake unexpectedly is to keep your distance.
Are Snakes Dangerous?
Snakes are often perceived as dangerous creatures, but the truth is that they are generally more afraid of humans than we are of them.
Aside from getting stuck in places where they don’t belong, such as in homes or gardens, people often consider snakes a nuisance primarily because of a deep-seated fear of them. This fear is largely based on misconceptions and a lack of understanding about these reptiles.
For many, even finding a shed snakeskin can cause panic, triggering an immediate sense of alarm. However, a snakeskin is just a sign that a snake has passed through the area and is not a direct threat.
It’s important to remember that most snakes you may encounter are non-venomous and pose no real danger to humans. Even the venomous species tend to avoid human contact whenever possible.
If you do encounter a snake, it’s crucial to keep in mind that it most likely wants to be left alone. Snakes are not aggressive by nature and will usually only bite if they feel threatened or cornered. By giving the snake space and not attempting to handle or provoke it, you can avoid any potential conflict.
Where Are Snakes Commonly Found
Snakes prefer areas that are dark, quiet, and have a food source close by. You can often find them in garages, rock walls, barns, woodpiles, and basements.
Snakes sometimes find their way inside through a crack and become trapped. Often, if you do find a snake somewhere in your home, chances are, they don’t want to be there either!
What Should You Do If You Encounter a Snake?
The first precaution you should take is always being aware of your surroundings. Snakes can often go unnoticed, which is part of the issue. You may not know you are near one until it’s too late. This can be especially dangerous if you run into a venomous snake.
If you encounter a snake, you should keep in mind that all snakes are protected species. They eat rats, mice, insects, and other pests and are considered crucial to the ecosystem. Plus, a few species are endangered and should be treated with extra care.
If you’ve found a snake on your property or have evidence of a snake, take steps to make your yard less habitable for them. Ensure they don’t have a steady food source or a comfortable hiding place.
If you do come across a snake, it’s best to call and have it removed from your property. Exclusion is best; snakes can be relocated somewhere safe, and your home or yard will be snake-free. Read more about how to get rid of snakes safely and ethically.
FAQs
How can I identify venomous snakes in Pennsylvania?
- Eastern Copperhead: Copper-colored head, hourglass-shaped bands on the body.
- Timber Rattlesnake: Large, with a distinctive rattling sound, usually with dark chevron-shaped bands on a lighter background.
- Eastern Massasauga: Smaller in size, with dark brown or black blotches on a gray or light brown background.
Are venomous snakes in Pennsylvania aggressive?
No, venomous snakes in Pennsylvania are not typically aggressive. They generally avoid human contact and will only bite if they feel threatened or provoked.
What should I do if I encounter a venomous snake?
The best course of action is to give the snake space and avoid any sudden movements. Do not attempt to handle or provoke the snake. Allow it to move away on its own, and if it’s in a dangerous location, consider contacting a professional wildlife service.